Machine tool (English name: machine tool) refers to the manufacture of machine machines, also known as workhorses or tool machines, customarily referred to as machine tools. Generally divided into metal cutting machine tools, forging machine tools and woodworking machine tools. Modern machinery manufacturing in the processing of mechanical parts of many methods: in addition to cutting, there are casting, forging, welding, stamping, extrusion, etc., but where the high precision requirements and surface roughness requirements of the finer parts, generally need to be in the machine tool with cutting methods for final processing.

Lathe is mainly used to rotate the workpiece with a turning tool for turning processing machine tools. In the lathe also available drill, reaming drill, reamer, tap (internal thread), plate teeth (external thread) and knurling tools for the corresponding processing. Lathes are mainly used for processing shafts, discs, sleeves and other workpieces with rotary surfaces, and are the most widely used type of machine tools in machinery manufacturing and repair factories. Drills and reamers are the same thing, but they play different roles. They both use the cutting edge to drill; the drill drills the bottom hole, and the reamer expands the bottom hole drilled by the drill.

Reamer is the use of the side edge for cutting, the size of the hole drilled by the drill is not high precision, the hole wall finish is not high, after reamer for reaming, so that the hole accuracy, finish to meet the requirements. Drill: consisting of drill tip, cutting edge and chip groove (spiral or straight groove), mainly used for workpiece hole processing without pre-cast holes, and the processed holes are generally poor in cylindricity and roughness; reaming drill: consisting of cutting edge and chip groove (welded insert reaming drill), mainly used to expand and improve cylindricity and roughness of holes with pre-cast holes or bottom holes, but at this time the holes are still not available as pin holes; reamer: consisting of The reamer is made up of cutting edge and chip flutes (generally solid carbide), mainly used to improve the cylindricity and roughness of the bottom hole; the above shows that they are different in structure and processing accuracy. Tapping is a tool for machining internal threads, with grooves along the axial direction. It is also called screw taps. Taps are divided into straight slot taps, spiral slot taps and screw-tip taps (apex taps) according to their shapes.

Straight slot taps are easy to process, slightly less accurate and more productive. Generally used in general lathes, drilling machines and tapping machines for thread processing, cutting speed is slow. Spiral groove taps are mostly used for drilling blind holes in CNC machining centers, with faster processing speed, higher accuracy, better chip removal and better alignment. Screw-tip taps have a tolerance groove at the front, which is used for through-hole processing. Most of the taps provided by tool factories are coated taps, which have greatly improved the service life and cutting performance compared with uncoated taps. Unequal design taps have reasonable cutting load distribution and high machining quality, but also high manufacturing cost. Trapezoidal thread taps are often of unequal design.